The present invention relates to the use of lignan compounds for treating or preventing an inflammatory disease. More particularly, it relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prevention of an inflammatory disease, comprising a lignan compound represented by Formula I, as well as a treating method and the use of an inflammatory disease using the lignan compound. The lignan compound has the effect of inhibiting inflammatory reactions by inhibiting the production or expression of inflammation mediators NO, iNOS, PGE₂, COX-2 and TNF-a. Accordingly, the lignan compound or a Myristica fragrans extract will be highly useful for the treatment or prevention of an inflammatory disease.