The invention relates to a fiber structure of nanometer composite material of carbon nanometer pipe/nanometer oxide or polymer/carbon nanometer pipe/nanometer oxide, which is characterized in that: disperse the precursor of the carbon nanometer pipe and nanometer oxide into a polymer solution to obtain a dispersion liquid; then, perform electric filature to obtain a polymer/carbon nanometer pipe/nanometer oxide with a precursor of nanometer fiber structure. The precursor of the nanometer oxide can be converted into a nanometer oxide with such methods as hydrothermal process, high-temperature process or microwave process, etc. The polymer can be kept or eliminated through such methods as high-temperature process or solvent fractionating and etc, so as to obtain the nanometer fiber of carbonnanometer pipe/nanometer oxide. The fiber composed of the composite material fiber structure, or films made of the fiber can be utilized in the fields of sewage process, air purification, solar energy battery and antibiotic material, etc.