The invention discloses an automatic calibration method and a device applied on a veneer in an optical communication system, which comprises the following steps: firstly, a console is started and applied, and power is supplied to start the automatic calibration device for self-inspection. Secondly, after the self-inspection is passed, the calibration parameters are set through a console to confirm the information of the calibrated veneer. Thirdly, the calibration order and the parameters are sent through the communication interface to gain the calibration returned result. Finally, according to the calibration executive result information, the configured veneer calibration result can be gained and analyzed to display the relevant calibration result. The invention solves the problems of manual veneer calibration such as time consumption and effort waste, and reduces the repeated work, thereby improving the working efficiency. In addition, the invention also avoids the calibration error caused by the manual operation and the bad effect on the calibration result. By realizing the automatic calibration, the invention improves the calibration consistency and the product quality, which caters for the requirements of large-scale production.