The invention relates to a coal-fired unit flue gas desulfurization real-time monitoring and information management system, and comprises a field data acquisition layer, a communication network layerand a monitoring center layer. Through the digital management of the overall process of online data acquiring, conveying, processing, accounting, analyzing, releasing, sharing, etc. of a desulfurization system in a thermal power plant, by operating the general theory of statistics, and combining the professional knowledge of the process control, a boiler, the environmental protection, etc., the invention performs sample analyses to the datum of the commissioning ratio, the desulfurization efficiency, and the discharge concentration, etc. of the desulfurization system, and builds a set of onlinemonitoring systems which are based on the Web structure and the real-time communication. The invention is applied to the thermal power plant desulfurization facility to operate and perform the effect ive and long-term management, can authentically and accurately reflect the integrated operation level of the desulfurization system of the coal-fired desulfurization unit, and provides a quantification scale for the desulfurization facility operating the monitoring and the checking.