The invention relates to an identification method for the pipeline safety based on BP network and used in a monitoring device for the fiber pipeline leakage, belonging to the pipeline monitoring technique. The method comprises the following steps: the voltage signal is acquired after the photoelectric conversion of two channels of interference light in the monitoring device for the interference typed distributed optical fiber pipeline by utilizing a synchronous data acquisition card with at least double channels; the eigenvector of the detection signal obtained by calculation is decomposed bythe wavelet; a plurality of acquisition samples are selected for each intrusive event in order to train and test a BP neural network; after the model training is completed, the system can acquire thereal-time testing signal, extract signal characteristics, import into the well trained model for the online identification of the types of the abnormal events occurring along the pipeline and locate the abnormal events. The invention has the advantages of simple and convenient method, small occupied resource of the system, good real-time quality, which can be realized by a plurality of forms.