The invention discloses an aero near view photography displacement measuring system based on a drone and a method of the system, and relates to an aero near view photography displacement measuring technology. The system comprises a drone (1), a digital camera (2), a ground control station (3), a microwave transmitter (4), a microwave receiving antenna (5), a data cable (6) and computer software (7); the drone (1) is provided with the digital camera (2) and the microwave transmitter (4) which are connected by a fly control board (1.1)of the mini model drone (1); the data cable connects a computer serial port (3.3) of the ground control station (3) and the microwave receiving antenna (5); the computer software (7) is installed in a notebook (3.1) of the ground control station (3). The invention can prevent some problems of traditional displacement measurement, and thus is applicable to displacement measurement to large displacement and large scale projects, in particular to displacementmeasurement to projects with difficult passage and in dangerous areas.