The invention discloses a cement concrete pavement detachment identification and polymer grouting fast maintenance method based on a falling weight deflectometer (FWD) and a ground penetrating radar (GPR) non-destructive test technology. The FWD and GPR are utilized to identify the detachment situation of the cement concrete pavement. Polymeric materials are injected to the pavement segment which needs detachment treatment. After the materials react, the volume quickly expands and cures, the materials fill the pavement plate bottom and base, the subbase bottom detaches, thereby reaching the purpose for fast maintenance of the cement concrete pavement detachment. The maintenance method has the advantages of speedy construction, good durability, strong pertinence and excellent waterproof performance of the injected polymeric materials, which not only saves a large amount of funds and construction periods, but also is beneficial to environmental protection and resources-saving, and provides a new advanced, efficient, economical and practical method for fast maintenance of the cement concrete pavement detachment.