The invention relates to a painting installation comprising at least one painting cabin (10), through which the pieces (9) to be painted extend. The cabin is defined by lateral walls (2) between an upper air blaster and lower means for recovering and treating air loaded with paint particles. In addition, the cabin is also equipped with at least one applicator (5) which is used to apply paint to the piece (9) and which has several degrees of freedom and a conveyor (7) which is used to convey the piece (9) and which has fewer degrees of freedom than the applicator (5). According to the invention, during the time that the piece is in the cabin, the position of the piece (9) in the reference system of the cabin is controlled by the position of the applicator (5) in said reference system by programmably servoing the motor (11) of the conveyor to the applicator.