The invention relates to a method for preparing a high boron steel neutron absorption material, which comprises the steps of selecting materials, such as ferroboron, ferroferrite and boron by 0.1-3.0%, with the rest being iron; prefabricating the materials in a medium frequency induction furnace into an intermediate alloy ingot; putting the intermediate alloy ingot into the medium frequency induction furnace, melting the same at a temperature higher than the melting point of 150-250DEG C under the protection of argon and nitrogen, and pouring into an intermediate color ladle; atomizing the melted high boron steel into droplets by taking argon and nitrogen as atomization gas and by using an atomizer with the honeycomb duct diameter of 3.2-5.0mm, under 1.0-2.5MPa; the droplets solidify quickly during flying and settle on a rotating settlement disc; and obtaining the high boron steel neutron absorption material. The high boron steel prepared by the method has a well-closed and fine formation, and second phase boride is 2-7Mum in size and dispersed. The boride sprayed and settling in the high boron steel formation is dispersed, thereby helping the high boron steel obtain good plasticity and roughness. The high boron material prepared by the method has the advantages of close formation, short flow and low cost.