The invention relates to the conductive composite material preparation field. The invention comprises the following preparation steps: firstly, water is added into attapulgite raw materials after separation and purification for uniform stirring to prepare slurry with a concentration of between 3 percent and 30 percent; secondly, under the condition of continuous stirring, mixed acid solution which is formed by organic acids and inorganic acids is added into the attapulgite slurry and then aniline is added into the slurry, wherein, the mass ratio of the aniline and the attapulgite is 0.2 - 0.8to 1; the mol ratio of the organic acids and the aniline is 0.15 - 0.76 to 1; the mol ratio of the inorganic acids and the aniline is 0.78 - 15.50 to 1; thirdly, oxidant solution is quickly poured into the slurry at a temperature of between 0 and 50 DEG C; after continuous stirring, polyreaction for 10 to 30 minutes and pumping filtration, deionized water is used for washing filtrate until the filtrate is achromatic, wherein, the mol ratio of the oxidant and the aniline is 0.5 - 2.0 to 1; fourthly, a filter mass is dried at a temperature of between 60 and 80 DEG C; after drying and crushing, the polyaniline/ attapulgite nano conductive composite material is obtained. The synthetic technique of the invention is simple and quick; the mixing amount of the organic acids is small; the feed capacity of the aniline is low; the manufacturing cost is low; the electric conductivity is excellent; and the thermal stability is good.