The invention provides a portable Raman spectrum data processing system for olive oil real and false identification, comprising a Raman spectrometer, a housing, an analyzer panel, and a calculation and control device for the micro-controller. Wherein a near-infrared laser with a emission wavelength of 785nm is selected as the laser source the Raman spectrometer the laser energy parameter is selected between 100-200mw, time division parameter is selected between 5-20s. An optimum Raman peak strength is calculated from the two parameters mentioned, 5 spectrum scans are continuously carried out,and an average Raman spectrum of the 5 scanning is finally obtained, which ranges from 250-2300cm[-1]. The test sample is scanned with a resolution between 4-10cm[-1]. The calculation and control device for the micro-controller is used for obtaining Raman spectrum with flat baseline, with spectrum drawn by using corresponding strength of spectrum between 1265cm[-1] to 1441cm[-1] as horizontal axis, using corresponding strength of spectrum between 1657cm[-1] to 1441cm[-1] as vertical axis, and marking points of the sample therein.