The invention discloses a device and a method for energy-saving burning in a glass melter with low calorific value fuel. The wall of the melter is provided with a plurality of burners, and each burner is connected with an air regenerator and a fuel regenerator. During the burning process, one part of the burners burns, while the other part of the burners exhausts smoke, and the burners for burning and the burners for exhausting smoke are switched periodically. On one hand, when high-temperature flue gas is exhausted, residual heat of the flue gas is recycled through the air regenerator and the fuel regenerator, thereby reducing the heat energy loss, and improving the burner efficiency; on the other hand, the recycled residual heat of the flue gas is used to preheat normal-temperature combustion air and low-temperature fuel. A burning temperature, after the preheated high-temperature fuel gas and the high-temperature combustion air are mixed, is higher. The device and the method are applicable to various melters, in particular to the glass melter.