The invention relates to a large-flow aerosol sampling device, which is characterized in that the aerosol sampling device mainly comprises a macroparticle cutter, a concentrating separator and a sampler. The macroparticle cutter comprises an inner tube, an outer tube, a top cap, an insect preventing net cover and an air flow output pipe, wherein a circle of air flow inlets are arranged between the outer tube and the top cap; an air flow spray nozzle is formed between the inner tube and the outer tube; the air flow output pipe is arranged in the insect preventing net cover and fixed on the tapered bottom surface of the outer tube. The aerosol concentrating separator comprises an outer shell, and an upper spray nozzle and a lower spray nozzle which are respectively arranged, wherein a ventilation clearance is reserved between the upper spray nozzle and the lower spray nozzle, so as to form a preliminary spray nozzle separated by small particles; ventilation clearances are reserved among the lower spray nozzle and the air flow inlets, so as to form a secondary spray nozzle. The aerosol sampling device has the advantages of simple structure and small volume, and can be used for the concentration, the separation and the real-time monitoring of biological aerosol in the atmosphere.