The present invention provides a method which utilizes straws to produce furfural to couplingly co-produce acetone and butanol. After being smashed, straws serving as material are mixed with diluted acid for steam hydrolyzation, and after the produced gas is collected and refined, furfural is obtained; solid content produced by hydrolyzation is released from a hydrolyzation device by spray explosion in order to obtain furfural dregs which are mixed with water after being collected, the pH value is adjusted, and cellulase is added into the furfural dregs; after being filtered, enzymolysis liquid is stewed to be sterilized, and then, strain is inoculated in the enzymolysis liquid for formentation; and the fermentation liquor is separated in order to obtain the acetone and the butanol. The present invention realizes the maximization of the utilization of cellulose straw substances, thus not only sufficiently utilizing the straw resource, changing waste into valuable, increasing the additional value of the products and realizing the economic value of the products but also providing a new material resource and a new method for the production of acetone and butanol and bringing more economic and social benefits to enterprises and the society.