The present invention discloses a super-resolution secondary-color differential confocal measurement method, which comprises the steps that a first differential confocal measuring device, a paralleling flat-plate correction color difference super-resolution measuring head and a computer device are provided; the thickness of the base of a super-resolution filter flat plate is precisely corrected, and the plane position adjustment of the two light beam is realized, so that the position difference of the two focus plane is equal to the sum of half of the linear measurement zone of the first differential confocal measuring device and half of the linear measuring zone of the second differential confocal measuring device. The present invention also provides a super-resolution secondary-color differential confocal measuring device. The device and the method have the advantages that on the premise of the technical advantage that the known secondary-color super-resolution differential confocalmeasurement technology has two independent dual-polarity tracing linearity areas, and the axial responding measuring range is maximum, so that the common mode interference can be prevented, the transverse resolution of the system is improved.