The invention belongs to the technical field of a luminescent high molecular material, in particular relates to a method for preparing luminescent rare earth-Beta-diketone-polyvinyl pyridine polymer macromolecule composite material. The organic synthesis method is adopted for modifying Beta-diketone organic small molecules so that the Beta-diketone organic small molecules become bridging molecules connecting an inorganic silica network and an organic polymer; subsequently, polyvinyl pyridine is synthesized through addition polymerization; the bridge molecule, the polymer and rare earth ions are assembled into a rare earth complex through coordination links; finally, adopting the sol-gel method, the rare earth complex is undergone the hydrolytie polycondensation of the bridging molecule toobtain xerogel; organic polymer macromolecules with long carbochains are inlaid in an inorganic silica network substrate; the polymer macromolecule composite material with stable chemical and thermodynamic property, regular surface topography and characteristic fluorescence emmission is got through drying and ageing. The preparation method can be carried out directly at room temperature, which isvery operable and reproducible. The product quality is stable; the grain size can be controlled within the scope of micrometer and nanometer. In addition, the surface topography is regular.