The invention discloses an anode tab of a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of lithium ion battery manufacture. The anode tab comprises an aluminum substrate layer, and a layer of non-aluminum metal layer is respectively combined on the upper surface and the lower surface of one end of the aluminum substrate layer, for example, a nickel or tin nickel alloy layer. The invention also provides a preparation method for the anode tab of the lithium ion battery, and the method comprises the following steps: a layer of firmly combined non-aluminum metal layer such as the nickel layer or the tin nickel alloy layer is respectively formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of one end of the aluminum substrate layer by an electroplating or non-electroplating method. The non-aluminum metal layer such as the nickel layer or the tin nickel alloy layer is firmly combined on the aluminum substrate layer by the electroplating or non-electroplating method, therefore, the electrical conductivity of the anode can be improved, the internal resistance can be reduced, the alloy layer formed at one end of the aluminum substrate has the advantages of quick heat emission, good flexibility, hard breakage, and the like, the tab has good mechanical property and good service performance, and has the characteristic of low cost.