The invention provides a steam blasting method for raw materials containing cellulose. The method is to blast the raw materials containing cellulose through steam, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: continuously conveying the raw materials containing cellulose to a heat preservation pressure device, keeping the raw materials containing cellulose in the heat preservation pressure device for 3 to 10 minutes and releasing part of the raw materials containing cellulose in the heat preservation pressure device to atmospheric pressure every other 5 to 12 minutes. The steam blasting method for the raw materials containing cellulose ensures that the raw materials containing cellulose can continuously and fully absorb aqueous vapor under steady conditions, allow the water vapor to rush out during pressure relief to adequately destroy lignin sheathes embedding the cellulose and hemicellulose in the raw materials containing cellulose, so as to increase the proportion of the cellulose which can be in contacted with enzyme in the raw materials containing cellulose, thereby improving the yield of monosaccharide and ethanol prepared from steam blasting products through the method.