The invention discloses a Cu-In-Ga-Se or Cu-In-Al-Se solar battery absorbing layer target pertaining to the field of photoelectric functional materials, and a preparation method thereof. High-purity cuprous selenide powder, indium selenide powder, gallium selenide powder or aluminum selenide powder are fully mixed evenly according to the stoichiometric ratio of a CuIn[1-x]GaxSe2 or CuIn[1-x]AlxSe2 solar battery absorbing layer, and then sintered and molded by hot-pressing under protective atmosphere or made into a biscuit after cold press molding or cold isostatic pressing, and the biscuit is sintered under protective atmosphere and certain pressure or does not go through pressure sintering. The technique of the invention is simple and convenient, has high efficiency and low cost, and the produced sputtering target is provided with uniform composition and homogeneous CuIn[1-x]GaxSe2 or CuIn[1-x]AlxSe2 phase, with the relative density more than 90 percent and stable performance. The invention is mainly applied to the preparation of a Cu-In-Ga-Se and Cu-In-Al-Se solar thin film battery absorbing layer.