The invention relates to a piezoceramic particle strengthening high-damping aluminum base composite material in the technical field of composite materials, which consists of an aluminum alloy matrix and piezoceramic particles covered by a coating, wherein the volume percent of the piezoceramic particles covered by the coating is 20-60 percent, and the rest is the aluminum alloy. The piezoceramic particles covered by the coating are uniformly distributed in a matrix, and the coating of which is either of the single coating structured by an insulator or a semiconductor and the double coating structured by a conductor and an insulator or a conductor and a semiconductor. The invention introduces the piezoceramic particles in the aluminum base composite material, and converts the piezoceramic particles into power energy through piezoelectric effect based on a novel high-value damping mechanism-piezoelectric damping-mechanical energy of the piezoelectric effect; the power energy is converted into heat energy through a damping circuit structured by the external coating of the piezoceramic particles, and the heat energy is dissipated to the external environment eventually. The prepared composite material has compact structure and excellent damping performance.