The invention relates to a pharmacy (counter) safety monitoring device and a monitoring method based on wireless transmission. The device comprises an upper machine consisting of a wireless data joint, a transmission module and a safety monitoring center server connected with the wireless data joint and the transmission module, and a lower machine consisting of a temperature and humidity detection module, a keypress module, a display module, a microprocessing control module, a wireless data joint, a transmission module, and a fingerprint identification module. The monitoring method is a control program fixed in the microprocessing control module, and the working process of the whole device is a process that a microprocessing chip executes the program. The method adopts advanced electronictechnology to fulfill the strengthening of drug supervision and management to the fingerprint management of responsible persons, and avoids the mildewing of medicines by adopting temperature and humidity detection to scientifically manage the quality of the medicines at the same time; and particularly the method adopts a wireless joint and information transmission mode to implement remote monitoring and recording, which provides the possibility for a strengthening management mode of instantly knowing the safety situation of a plurality of pharmacies (counters) and finding problems at any timeto promptly handle.