The invention provides a corotation and reversion multi-turn hub roundwood straightening device, comprising a power source, a transmission device, at least two turn hubs and a plurality of groups of opposed straightening roller structures on the hubs which are sequentially connected. With multi-turn hub structure of corotation and reversion of multiple rollers adopted, the straightening rollers are all passive rollers. The rotating directions of two adjacent rotating hubs are ensured to be opposite. Torque of the hubs acting on the straightened roundwood is counterbalanced. Therefore, the straightened roundwood can not rotate during the straightening process. Thus, the straightened roundwood can be prevented from being collided, scuffed or flattened by pinch rolls, and the straightening quality is guaranteed. In addition, three groups of adjusting screw rods are adopted for respectively regulating the vertical displacement, the axial movement and the oscillation angle of the straightening rollers in every turn hub. Therefore, the corotation and reversion multi-turn hub roundwood straightening device is further ensured to be applied to roundwood with different diameters and the requirements of different feeding speeds.