The invention relates to a compressed air pipeline self-boosting device and a boosting method. The device is characterized in that a support board frame at the top of an air storage tank is provided with a stop valve, a pneumatic triplet and a three-way pipe joint sequentially. One outlet of the three-way pipe joint is connected with an inlet at the top of a followed valve by a first pipeline; the followed valve consists of a valve body, an atmosphere port, a side outlet, a bottom outlet and a followed valve core, wherein, the followed valve core is divided into a C1 cavity and a C2 cavity, the other outlet of the three-way pipe joint is connected with an inlet at the top of a pressure booster by a second pipeline; and the pressure booster consists of a shell, an inlet, an one-way valve group, double pistons and a lock valve. The device has reasonable design and novel and compact structure and does not need any additional power source. The compressed air in any place can be boosted by taking the gas of the existing pipeline as the power; the device has small volume and little occupying area and can be placed near a single machine by plug-in method, and the device has the advantages of steady running, no noise, low construction cost, easy maintenance, safe operation and convenient using.