The invention discloses a method and a system for feeding back data receiving state information in a time-division duplex mode, and network equipment and user equipment. The method is used for transmission service of small data packages which are changed at a small code rate, and comprises: the user equipment receives a control instruction indicated by the network equipment, wherein the control instruction comprises receiving information of data transmitted by the network equipment on a high-speed physical downlink shared channel; and the user equipment feeds back control information to the network equipment through an uplink control channel of a reinforced special transmission channel, wherein the control information comprises state information of the data which is transmitted by the network equipment and received by the user equipment on the high-speed physical downlink shared channel. The method and the system, the network equipment and the user equipment can reduce and control thechannel load and save the resource overhead on the high-speed shared information channel.