The aim of the invention is to provide a non-pollution metal surface treatment composition which has comparative anti-rusting capability with the previous chromate treatment agent and phosphate treatment agent and has excellent alkaline resistance, excellent processability, excellent corrosion resistance, excellent coating property, etc. The invention also provides a surface treatment metal material which has the metal surface treatment layer obtained by the composition. The surface treatment composition provided by the invention is characterized by comprising the following components: (A) peroxide vanadic acid; (B) organic phosphonic acid and (C) water-soluble or water-dispersive organic resin (C) which is included according to requirement.