The invention belongs to the polymer material preparation field, particularly relates to a polyarylether material containing azo groups and fluorescent groups, and a method for preparing azo fluorescent polyarylether films, and the application in the aspect of preparing surface relief gratings and fluorescence patterns. The polyarylether material component and the polymer with a side chain containing carboxyl or sulfo in accordance with the mass mixture ratio: the polymer containing azo groups : fluorescent groups is equal to 78-94:20-5:2-0.5. The invention rotatablely coats the guest-host type azo fluorescent polymer containing azo groups and fluorescent groups on a substrate, and can form light-induced surface gratings in the polarized laser irradiation. Excited by ultraviolet light, regular fluorescence patterns can be observed by a fluorescence microscope or confocal fluorescence microscope. The color of the fluorescence patterns can be changed by altering the type of a fluorescent chromophore.