The invention discloses a method and a device that are used for self-adaptive CRC checking in wireless links and used in the technical field of wireless transmission. The self-adaptive CRC checking method and device judge link states according to link channel quality indicating (CQI) information, user equipment movement speed information, NACK indicating statistical information and transmission data block length information, etc.; a CRC checking scheme based on transmission blocks is adopted for links in good state, and the error detection and the retransmission adopt the unit of a data transmission block; a CRC checking scheme based on code blocks is adopted for links in bad state, and the error detection and the retransmission adopt the unit of a code block. Emitters and receivers switch link state information in an explicit or implicit way. The self-adaptive CRC checking method and device can realize self-adaptive CRC checking according to link states, find balance between system cost and retransmission efficiency, and improve system transmission efficiency.