The invention relates to a surface mounting device having an automatic material checking function. The surface mounting device is provided with a plurality of material grooves into which material trays can be arranged. Radio frequency (RF) identification readers are arranged corresponding to the positions of the material grooves and comparison modules are built in the RF identification readers. RF identification tags are provided for the material trays, the tags of the material trays are read by the RF identification readers, and the information about the material trays stored in the tags is output. The comparison modules judge whether the material trays that are arranged into the material grooves are ones of the corresponding material grooves according to the information about the material trays, and output error signals when judging that an error occurs. When in use, the surface mounting device detects whether the right material trays are arranged into the material grooves quickly, simultaneously can save the labor and time costs caused by element detection, and further improves the surface mounting efficiency.