The invention relates to a millimeter wave near-field calibration system in the field of relay satellite communication measurement and control. The system comprises a system transmitter (1), a large-caliber surface antenna (3) which is provided with two metal rods (2), a cable calibration device (4) and a system receiver (5), wherein one of the two metal rods (2) is provided with a small receiving horn antenna (6) for receiving a calibration signal, while the other metal rod (2) is provided with a small transmitting horn antenna (7) for transmitting the calibration signal to the system receiver (5). The receiving horn antenna (6) and the transmitting horn antenna (7) are respectively connected with the signal receiving end and signal output end of the calibration device (4). The calibration system with the technical proposal is not subject to the weather and environment influence, and the over-all millimeter wave near-field calibration system can conduct calibration at any time. Besides, the electric level is adjustable and the reliability is high.