The invention relates to a single gas cell solid oxide fuel cell, in particular to a single gas cell solid oxide fuel cell of an electrolyte-supporting type, solving the problems that an electrolyte of the prior single gas cell solid oxide fuel cell has great ohmic resistance to cause the poor output performance of the cell. The invention adopts the first technical scheme that the surface of a first electrolyte-supporting body is provided with at least one anode groove and at least one cathode groove, the interior of the anode groove is coated with anode slurry, and the interior of the cathode groove is coated with cathode slurry. The invention adopts the second technical scheme that the surface of a second electrolyte-supporting body is provided with at least one lug boss, and both sides of the lug boss are respectively coated with the anode slurry and the cathode slurry. The single gas cell solid oxide fuel cell of an electrolyte-supporting type changes a single path for a current between electrodes of a traditional single-side cell to only flow on the surface layer of the electrolyte-supporting body, enables the current to flow by a groove wall between the grooves and enlarges the path area for the current to pass so as to reduce the ohmic resistance of the electrolyte and improve the output performance of the cell.