The invention discloses a method for rapid remediation of ecological slope protection vegetation of riverways in villages and towns, which is characterized by comprising the following steps that: firstly, surface sludge is excavated from the bottom of a the river of a near-by river network, and is dried, air-dried or sun-dried and made into a crushed sludge substance; then sandy soil of a protective slope is taken and crushed to form a crushed sandy soil substance; then 11 to 15 weight percent of crushed sludge substance, 70 to 76 weight percent of crushed sandy soil substance, and 11 to 15 weight percent of water are stirred and mixed evenly to form a pasty spraying seeding material; a spraying seeding machine is used to evenly spraying and sowing a spray-sown material into the soil on the protective slope in a dosage of 140 to 180 kg/m<2>; then autochthonous slope protection plant seeds are evenly sewn on foundation soil formed by mixing the crushed sludge substance and the crushed sandy soil substance above the soil of the protective soil in a dosage of 7.5 to 9.5 g/m<2>; a layer of farmyard manure is applied on the foundation soil for slope protection in a dosage of 2.5 and 3.5 kg/m<2>; then a layer of organic mixed fertilizer consisting of 16 to 25 weight percent of vinasse, 19 to 28 weight percent of sawdust, 24 to 31 weight percent of rice hull and 27 to 33 weight percent of crop straws is added, and the fertilizing amount of the organic mixed fertilizer is between 0.09 and 0.18 kg/m<2>; and the regular maintenance is performed until the bare revetment is full of vegetation quickly.