The invention discloses a cold treatment system for urban domestic garbage, which has a structure that a garbage bale broken machine is connected with a garbage wet separation pond through a conveyer belt, the garbage wet separation pond is connected with an adjustable type plant material filter pond, a polluted water outlet opening of the adjustable type plant material filter pond is connected with a biomembrane filter pond, a filter residue outlet opening of the adjustable type plant material filter pond is connected with a location pressing type marsh gas tank, and a water outlet of the biomembrane filter pond is back connected with the garbage wet separation pond through a pipeline. The cold treatment system has the advantages that the design philosophy takes resource recycling as a purpose, process sections are mutually based on others, technologies and facilities are simple, and the operation is simple and convenient, thereby being accepted as an optical technology route selection; and in addition, compared with various garbage processing technologies, the technical scheme of the cold processing of the urban domestic garbage has great superiority in comprehensiveness, innovation and structural reasonability, i.e. energy conservation, pollution and input-output ratio reduction, and the like.