A method for managing metadata file layout of a parallel file system belongs to the field of file system and is characterized in that the file system organizes the files by an extension block distribution way; after receiving a user request, a metadata server quickly carries out the operations of distribution, division, combination, release, and the like to the extension block in the correspondingfile layout, thus achieving the requirements of the file layout on obtaining, submission or adjustment and realizing the optimum management to the file layout. The method adopts a principle of meeting the lowest requirement, responds to the request on the corresponding minimum extension block set, thereby meeting the simultaneous operation of multi-user on the same file to the maximum extent andimproving the parallelism of the system; and simultaneously, the method adopts an extension block real-time combination strategy to ensure the maximum continuity of the file layout, optimizes the memory, reduces the seek time of the file layout and improves the performance of the file system.