The invention relates to an interfacial synthesis method of conductive polymer/silver chloride compound nanofiber. The method includes the following steps of: 1) preparation of ion liquid containing Fe<3+>: under nitrogen atmosphere, stirring and mixing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole chloride salt and anhydrous ferric chloride to obtain the ion liquid containing Fe<3+>; 2) preparation of solution A: adding silver nitrate, conductive polymer monomer and helianthine to water to obtain solution A; and 3) pouring the solution A to the ion liquid containing Fe<3+>, standing, centrifugalizing and washingthe precipitate with dilute acid, distilled water and ethanol, and drying solid powder under vacuum. The method achieves the following technical effects: by adopting an interfacial synthesis method,the conductive polymer/silver chloride compound nanofiber can be obtained through one-step reaction; and by adopting the ion liquid and water as the solvents which are both green solvents, the used ion liquid can be recovered for a plurality of times of reuse. The invention is simple in process, easy in operation and short in technological flow process.