The invention relates to a method for preventing and controlling a mosaic disease based on improving tobacco plant nutrition resistance. The method comprises the following steps of: fully irrigating root fixing water in transplanting; planting tobacco till a fast growing period after the transplanting; for tobacco fields with low incidence, spraying urea on leaf surfaces, and applying 20 percent virus special wettable powder by combining the spraying; and for tobacco fields with high incidence, irrigating roots and applying additional fertilizers by potassium nitrate and zinc nitrate, applying the 20 percent virus special wettable powder by combining the leaf surface spraying, and spraying the urea on the leaf surfaces. After the proposal is carried out, the disease incidence of the tobacco mosaic disease in the fields is reduced to 10 percent from 90 percent before the disease is controlled, the disease index is reduced to 7.4 from 82.7, the yield can reach 85 percent of that of a normal tobacco field, the economic benefit can reach over 80 percent of that of the normal tobacco field, and the method has wide popularization value.