The invention provides a method for roughing and tailings-discarding of fine rutile ore by multi-stage floatation, relating to the technique for roughing and tailings-discarding of fine rutile ore by multi-stage floatation and belonging to the technical field of mineral processing engineering. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: firstly, conducting the reverse floatation of rutile by using sodium oleate as a collector according to the characteristics that aluminum sulfate can inhibit the rutile and activate silicate minerals in varying degrees, so as to effectively deslime in the process of reverse floatation; and then, conducting the forward floatation of rutile by using lead nitrate (or lead acetate) as an activator of rutile and using sodium alkyl hydroxamate and benzyl arsonic acid (or styryl phosphonic acid) as a combined collector according to the characteristic that gangue minerals can be inhibited on a combined basis under the synergistic action of sodium fluorosilicate, carboxymethylcellulose and the residual aluminum sulfate in the ore pulp, briefly, the method of the invention can realize the roughing and tailings-discarding of fine rutile by the multi-stage floatation comprising the following steps: firstly, conducting the reverse floatation by inhibiting the rutile; and then, conducting the forward floatation by activating the rutile. The method of the invention has the advantages that the enrichment ratio and recovery rate of rutile are high, the tailings of rutile ore can be discarded thoroughly and the mineral processing cost of rutile can be greatly reduced.