The invention relates to double-chamber differential pressure type microwave vacuum freeze drying equipment and belongs to the technical field of food and drug machines; the equipment essentially consists of a chamber body which is provided with a microwave magnetron, and a cold trap which captures the water vapor; a material bearing device is arranged in the chamber body which is divided into a first chamber and a second chamber by a transmission flow-separating plate; the magnetron is positioned in the first chamber, the relative vacuum degree of which is less than the discharge critical value; and the material bearing device is located in the second chamber which is linked with the cold trap through a shielding overflowing sheet. By adopting the microwave vacuum freeze drying equipment, not only can adequate microwave generation power and ideal vacuum degree be maintained, thereby ensuring the required drying rate, but also the generation of discharge phenomena can be avoided as the discharge boundary conditions are inhibited respectively in the first chamber and the second chamber.