The invention provides a terminal identifier distribution method and a communication system. The method comprises the following steps that: A, a base station distributes a plurality of terminal identifiers from a self maintained terminal identifier resource pool to trunk equipment; and B, after receiving access request of a user, the trunk equipment selects one of the plurality of terminal identifiers and distributes the terminal identifier to the user. Because of the trunk managed and distributed terminal identifier, the access time delay of the user can be effectively shortened, and the signaling interaction expense can be reduced.