The invention discloses a platform and a method for two-way identification recognition and information interaction based on an SPI communication structural model. The platform comprises a plurality of PIC single-chip microcomputers. The two-way identification recognition and information interaction platform is based on the SPI structural model, and comprises an output data wire SDO, an input data wire SDI, a timing line SCK and a public handshake signal line RC0 with a pull-down resistor R1. As the method introduces the public handshake signal line RC0 connected with the pull-down resistor between a master single-chip microcomputer and a slave single-chip microcomputer, each single-chip microcomputer to move only needs to pull up the public handshake signal line RC0, and then all the other single-chip microcomputers can detect a signal, thus bus-mode communication can be realized. The invention is based on the structural model of SPI communication, effectively transmits data, sends/receives identification recognition in an SPI timing state, and realizes a master-slave controllable directional data transmission platform among single-chip microcomputer systems through two-way data interchange.