The invention relates to a digital image acquisition and a processing method for a small-section underground room. In the method, a 360-degree panoramic digital photographic device is used to configure a computer; a self-jointed movable track is arranged along the bottom longitudinal axis of the small-section underground room, and a trolley is configured; a bracket for the photographic device is arranged on the trolley so that a photographic lens is arranged in the center of the section of the underground room and the central line of the lens is parallel with the longitudinal axis of the underground room; the focal distance of the photographic lens is adjusted to determine the longitudinal movement length of the photographic device, and a corresponding lighting lamp is configured; the trolley is moved to shoot each section of the underground room until the shooting is finished, and digital images collected in one segment and the next section are mutually linked; image processing software of the computer is used to correct, spread and splice the collected underground room images, and then the images are interpreted by using image interpretation software. The digital image acquisition and processing method solves problems existing in small-section underground room close-up photography, raises image splicing quality and efficiency, and has high image quality and high editing and processing efficiency.