The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and a device for controlling the congestion of a wireless multi-hop network, which are used for locally retransmitting a packet according to wireless path status information when the packet is lost, and informing a data transmission layer sending end of the retransmission so as to avoid unnecessary TCP retransmission. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring path information of the wireless multi-hop network and marking the wireless path status to be available, unavailable, congestion or error according to the wireless multi-hop path information; receiving an acknowledgement ACK packet from a wireless path receiving end, and if the wireless path status is marked to be unavailable, locally retransmitting a transmission layer data TCP Data packet corresponding to the first duplex acknowledgement Dup ACK with high priority; and informing the data transmission layer sending end of a local retransmission event.