The invention relates to a transparent laser ceramic material, in particular to a preparation method of Nd:YVO4 transparent laser ceramic material, belonging to the technical field of an inorganic non-metallic material. The method comprises the following steps of: mixing the raw materials for preparing neodymium-doped yttrium vanadate laser material according to the proportion, grinding, sieving by 200 meshes after drying processing, pressing into bisque; carrying out vacuum sintering to the bisque with the vacuum degree of less than 10<-3>Pa, temperature-rising speed of 2 to 10 DEG C for every minute, sintering temperature of 1500 to 2000 DEG C and insulating time of 4 to 50 hours; and sintering ingot blanks, cooling with a furnace, annealing, carrying out planar processing after being taken out, and obtaining the transparent laser Nd:YVO4 ceramics after precisely polishing. The invention can improve the content of the rare soil element in the material, can prepare transparent ceramic with larger size, has shorter preparing period and lower cost, and better solves the problems that the doping concentration of single-crystal material is hard to be improved, the preparation with larger size is difficult and the like, thus leading the comprehensive performance of the material to be improved.