The invention discloses a quantitative detection method of a nanometer metal oxide substrate (MOS) on a textile. The quantitative detection method comprises the following steps: utilizing the ultraviolet light absorption of a nanometer MOS to establish standard absorption curves of the concentration and the ultraviolet absorbance of the nanometer MOS; and integrating the analysis of micro-area elements of a scanning electron microscope to establish a relation between the contents of the nanometer MOS and the contents of the micro-area elements so that the contents of the nanometer MOS are acquired according to the contents of the micro-area elements on the surface of a textile. The detection method is simple, effective, rapid and environment-friendly, has universality, can detect the contents of the nanometer MOS on any textile without destructiveness and can be also used for quantitatively estimating the adhesiveness of a nanometer material to a textile and the caducity of the nanometer material in a washing friction process.