The invention belongs to the technical field of living comfort level reconstruction of buildings, and particularly relates to a novel air vent structure of a raw soil cave dwelling for improving the living quality of the raw soil cave dwelling and a construction process thereof. The novel air vent structure for the raw soil cave dwelling comprises an overburden soil layer, a bent pipe, a connection pipe, a straight pipe, a horn pipe and an exhaust fan; the bent pipe is arranged on the overburden soil layer; the connection pipe, the straight pipe and the horn pipe are arranged in the overburden soil layer; the bent pipe is connected with the straight pipe by the connection pipe; the lower end of the straight pipe is provided with the horn pipe; the exhaust fan is arranged in the horn pipe;a flange is arranged on the connection pipe; and a reinforced bar is arranged at the lower end of the flange. The novel air vent structure for the raw soil cave dwelling can improve the indoor ventilation and improve the indoor living comfort level, also has higher durability and higher cost performance, and can improve the living comfort level and living quality of the present cave dwelling; when in use, the novel air vent structure for the raw soil cave dwelling is easy to be mounted, dismounted and cleaned, and has good ventilation effect, no influence on the safety of the main structure, and rain proof and dust proof performances; besides, the construction process has reasonable optimization and strong operation.