The invention relates to a tracking and positioning method of gastrointestinal tract internal microsystems, which belongs to the technical field of electronic communication. In the method, a dynamic radio-frequency attenuation model is built by combining a three-edge positioning method and a region analysis method; influences brought by the low-quality radio-frequency signal reception by a certain radio-frequency receiving module or the radio-frequency receiving modules in a certain area are avoided and the positioning reliability of the system is improved by placing a radio-frequency receiving module array in part of regions in the stomach of a human body; and the information on the sliding of gastrointestinal tract internal microsystems in the gastrointestinal tract of the human body is reflected and the positioning and tracking accuracy is improved by taking the intensity of the effective receiving power of the regions in the gastrointestinal tract of the human body into consideration and by setting different weighting coefficients for the regions.