The invention belongs to the technical field of biomedical and particularly relates to a method for the quantum dot improvement and synchronous monitoring of antibacterial performance of ceftriaxone sodium. Cadmium telluride quantum dots serving as inorganic nano material are added in merchant ceftriaxone sodium to improve the antibacterial performance of the merchant ceftriaxone sodium. Antibacterial experiments performed by taking Escherichia coli as an example indicate that the cadmium telluride quantum dots have a remarkable coordination and improvement effect, which is far better than those achieved by the single use of the cadmium and telluride, on the antibacterial performance of the ceftriaxone sodium. Meanwhile, the number of bacteria and medicament antibacterial performance are synchronously monitored by using the change in the fluorescence intensity of the mixed solution of ceftriaxone sodium and the cadmium telluride quantum dots in an antibacterial process. Thus, a foundation is laid for the effective judgment of the treatment course and withdrawal time of a medicament.