The invention discloses a novel styrene-butadiene latex modified cement based grouting reinforcement material used for reinforcing coal rock and a preparation method thereof. The high-performance styrene-butadiene latex cement based grouting material is prepared from common silicate cement, styrene-butadiene latex, water reducing agent, defoaming agent, coagulation regulating agent and the like in a certain mass ratio. The grouting material has higher water-cement ratio, strong water-retaining property, good liquidity and grouting property, good volume stability and controllable slurry coagulation time, and can keep long-term conveying without bleeding; and the construction is simple and the operation is convenient. The material has good bonding power with the coal rock and proper strength when reinforcing the coal rock, the slurry is innocuous, and the material has low price and can be widely applied to the reinforcement of various crushed coal rocks.