The invention discloses an air bearing structure and a method for achieving air film thickness compensation, wherein the air bearing structure is mounted on an air-float operating platform and a base to form support, the air bearing structure comprises a micro displacement transfer mechanism which is arranged between the air-float operating platform and the base, a compensated air float pad which orients to the bottom surface of the air-float operating platform and is mounted on one end of a lever formed by the micro displacement transfer mechanism, wherein a lubricating air film is formed between the compensated air float pad and the air-float operating platform when in work, a work air-float pad which faces to the surface of the base and is mounted on the other end of the lever formed by the micro displacement transfer mechanism, wherein a lubricating air film is formed between the work air-float pad and the base surface when in work, a loading mechanism which is used for loading the air bearing structure, and leads the working state of the compensated air float pad and the work air float pad to be the same, when air supply pressure is verified, the variation of compensated air float pad lubricating air film is overlapped on the work air-float pad through the micro displacement transfer mechanism, thereby compensating the variation of thickness of the work air-float pad air film.