The invention discloses a process for rapidly constructing an air shaft under a chill condition, mainly comprising the following steps: creating a pore, freezing the pore, constructing a temperature-measuring pore and a hydrologic observation pore and creating a drill hole together. The process is used for sinking all vertical shaft pit shafts by sealing water through three-synchronization of freezing, slip-casting and shaft sinking in the construction process, wherein the three-synchronization refers to the synchronous construction of the preparation and the installation of a permanent shaft frame, the freezing of a surface soil section and the digging and the building of the pit shaft while the ground preliminarily slip-casting construction is carried out, a freezing method is adopted in the surface soil section, and a group preliminarily slip-casting method is adopted in a bed rock section.