The invention discloses a bird striking risk assessment system and an assessment method thereof. The system comprises a radar, an image acquisition device, a flyer target recognition module, a bird striking risk assessment model and an avian situation database, wherein the radar can output video signals in real time, the image acquisition device can convert the video signals into digital radar images, the flyer target recognition module is used for recognizing flyer targets and extracting relevant avian situation information based on the digital radar images outputted by the image acquisitiondevice, the bird striking risk assessment model can assess real-time bird striking risks on the basis of the avian situation information extracted by the flyer target recognition module and output bird striking risk factors, and the avian situation database is used for storing the avian situation information extracted by the flyer target recognition module and the bird striking risk factors givenby the bird striking risk assessment model. The method is capable of early warning and mastering flyer situation around an airport accurately, and is convenient for workers to clean and convenient for airplane pilots to avoid risks effectively.